In Europe SPAs and discount stores are expanding and are oppressing traditional retailers. Apparel manufacturing bases for Europe are also changing.
SPAs and Discount Chains Increase Their Shares
In the European market, SPAs (Specialty store retailers of Private label Apparel) such as H&M of North Europe as well as ZARA and MANGO of Spain, and discount chains represented by MATALAN of the U.K. and CIELO of France are carrying out hot competition. Influenced by this, mass-merchandisers and stores such as Marks & Spencer (M&S) selling products in the middle-price zone are losing sales substantially.
Under such circumstances, a Japanese casual wear chain …
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